I had a qu today

qu brick

I had a qu today

I had a qu today. After almost two years of getting rebuffed at every distillery I ever visited, a guy finally says to me, “Hey, you want to go see where we make the qu?” And then he marches me into a dank, dark room filled to the ceiling with festering blocks of wheat qu wrapped in woven bamboo. Needless to say, this was a big moment in my baijiu development.

The guy pulls a brick off the top and takes it into the sunlight for better viewing. He cracks it in half so I can check out the dark veins of microorganisms and the mold forming inside. The source of all baijiu was right there in front of me and, unexpectedly, he offered it to me. Explaining that it could be awkward to carry around, he said he’d have someone stick it inside of a plastic bag for me.

My half qu weighed about five pounds. I set it aside and returned home that evening triumphant. Holding out the red plastic bag to my wife, I told her that I had brought her a surprise.

“What is it?” she asked, smiling.

“Go ahead and open it,” I said, pushing it toward her.

She unwrapped the outer bag and had started to open the inner when she stepped back, saying, “Jesus, what the hell is that smell?”

“It’s qu!”

“It’s gross,” she said, putting it down and walking away as I slowly deflated.

“But don’t you want to see baijiu’s fermentation agent? Come look at the microorganisms,” I called to her, unwrapping my brick. It did smell, something like a cross between cow patties and burnt oatmeal.

She came in and we considered the half brick together. Glancing first the microorganisms and then the slightly less micro organisms crawling around in it. It was infested, or one hundred percent organic as they say in the industry. I ran outside and threw it in the garbage. And so ended my brief ownership of a qu brick.

For all the wonderful drinks that qu can make, it really is kind of gross when you get down to it. As with sausage, so goes baijiu: good to consume but better not to look too closely at how it’s made.

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Baijiu basics: sauce aroma

Moutai Factory

Fermentation pits and distillation at the Kweichow Moutai factory.

They call it sauce-aroma, jiangxiang 酱香, as in soy sauce-aroma. The dreaded saucy sauce is a leveler of foreign palates. I’ve made no secret on this blog that sauce-aroma is my least favorite baijiu category, and recent taste tests conducted in Chengdu and Shanghai indicate that I’m not alone in this sentiment. It’s not that it can’t be good, but that it so rarely is. And when it’s bad, it’s really bad, “Pirates of the Caribbean 3” bad. But enough preamble…

The notable standout in the sauce-aroma category is Kweichow Moutai 贵州茅台, particularly its signature Feitian 飞天 (Flying Fairy) brand. Other popular sauce-aromas include Lang Jiu 郎酒, Maotai Town 茅台镇 and Xi Jiu 习酒. This is a fast-growing category though, and a lot of traditionally strong-aroma producers are expanding their product ranges to include some sauce-aromas. The reason for this is obvious: sauce-aroma and strong-aroma are cousins. Both hail from the same region, southwest China, and share a number of common production techniques.

Preparation of ingredients: It will come as a relief to most to know that sauce-aroma contains no soybeans or soy sauce. In fact, this is the most basic of all categories in terms of ingredients. It uses sorghum and only sorghum, which is steamed and cooled.

Preparation of qu: Like strong-aroma, sauce baijiu uses bricks of wheat “big qu.”

Saccharification and fermentation: Also like strong-aroma, sauce aroma ferments all of its grains in subterranean fermentation pits, or jiaochi 酵池, the idea being that the microorganisms within the qu will coat the walls of the pit, which will in time develop more complex tastes in the mash. The key difference between strong-aroma and sauce-aroma is that whereas strong uses mud pits, sauce uses pits lined with stone bricks.

The grains are mixed with qu, buried in the pit, and then covered with a layer of mud and left to ferment for about a month.

Distillation: The mud casing is removed and the mash is removed from the pit a layer at a time before being distilled in a solid state. This is, however, just the beginning of the process. After distillation, the mash is removed from the still and mixed with equal parts of fresh sorghum and more qu. The distillate is sprinkled on top of the mixture and returned to the pit to ferment a second time. The process is repeated for as many as seven or eight fermentation/distillation cycles, making the whole process last about nine months to a year. This sorghum-heavy, labor-intensive process is another key to sauce-aromas distinctive acidic taste, and partially explains why the category tends to be pricier than the others.[1]

Aging: The baijiu is moved to earthenware jars and aged for at least three years, and sometimes twenty or thirty. It is diluted with water after aging, typically to around 53% ABV.

This concludes my series on the production methods of the four major categories, if you have any further questions, please feel free to drop me a line in the contact section.

 

Related posts

-Recommended sauce-aromas

-Making baijiu made simple

-Baijiu basics: strong-aroma


[1] Clearly it doesn’t explain why Moutai’s price was as high as it was last year. For more on that, see this story.

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Plastic? Oh no! Banned.

This week is Tangjiuhui (Sweets and Alcoholic Commodities Fair), the biggest annual event for the Chinese alcohol industry. It’s where the Who’s Who rub elbows with the Who the Hell? and cause general mayhem around Chengdu. It’s only day two, but I feel like I’ve been trading business cards for baijiu shots for an eternity. Thankfully I’m running out of business cards.

In honor of Tangjiuhui, I’d like to share a somewhat good piece of news for the Chinese alcohol industry. Well, it’s not really good news, but it’s at least something to temper harsh judgment and give us hope for the future.

Back in January, a scandal erupted when plasticizer was found in several well-known baijius. Consumers raised a stink, stock prices tumbled and the baijiu industry went on the defensive. The producers claimed that they were not adding toxins to their product, but that the baijiu had been eroding the plastic tubes used in production.

At the time I was skeptical of these claims due to conflicting reports in Chinese media. “This account might make sense,” I wrote, “if plasticizer contamination was widespread throughout China’s beverages, but it seems limited to baijiu.”

Well, it turns out that plasticizer isn’t limited to baijiu after all.

After China implemented a new regulation requiring third-party testing of all beverages sold in China, Shenzhen Customs turned away three French cognac producers – Remy Martin, Camus and Frapin – for submitting products with illegal levels of plasticizer found in their products. The report fails to mention what the producers will do with the contaminated brandy.

So I must admit that I may have gotten swept up in the initial scandal and been too quick to claim gross malfeasance on the offending Chinese distilleries. It appears that alcohol, any alcohol, can erode plastic and that the chemicals found their way into baijiu unbeknownst to the distillers.

The upshot is that we’ve probably all ingested more plasticizer than we would care to know about, but at least the problem has been identified and will, one assumes, soon be corrected.

And so now we can get back to drinking our baijiu in peace. But as for the Shanghai drinking water…

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Talking baijiu in Shanghai

Sapajou ShanghaiUPDATE: Friday’s “Unsavory Elements” event has sold out, but tickets are still available for Thursday evening’s talk and tasting.

After two successful, albeit rowdy, talks in Chengdu this past weekend, I’ll be heading back to Shanghai. I return to my former stomping grounds preaching the gospel of baijiu, and hope to leave the “Whore of the Orient” with at least a couple of converts.

My first talk will be on Thursday, March 14, and is hosted by the Shanghai Foreign Correspondents Club. I’ll be discussing China’s drinking culture and my writing on baijiu. We will be tasting several of my favorite Chinese spirits following the talk. I should mention that the similar talk/tasting I gave in Chengdu last week got slightly out of hand, as if you needed any further convincing.

Starts 7pm at Yuan Bar, 17 Xiangyang Bei Lu. Yuan makes a few mean Chinese alcohol cocktails, so I would recommend getting in early or planning to stay late. For more info and directions, please visit the Shanghai FCC website.

Unsavory ElementsThe second talk will be held on Friday, March 15 as part of the Shanghai International Literary Festival. I will be a member of a panel featuring Mark Kitto, Nury Vittachi, Matthew Polly, Tom Carter, Alan Paul and Graham Earnshaw. We’ll be launching the book Unsavory Elements, in which we all contributed essays on the expatriate experience in China. Should be quite a session.

Starts 7pm at M on the Bund, No. 5 The Bund, 7F. For more info, please visit the festival homepage or buy tickets here.

Hope to see you there.

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Talking baijiu in Chengdu

cd-home_logoMajor news, Chengdu people. My adopted home and baijiu muse will be the site of my first public talk on Chinese alcohol and drinking culture as part of the Bookworm Lit Fest. An (optional) tasting of some of my favorite baijius will follow the talk.

Another talk the next day will feature a panel discussion with distinguished China authors Jen Lin-Liu and Tom Miller about the highs and lows of writing about the world’s most fascinating and frustrating country.

Full event details below:

China Drinks!

19:30, Saturday, 9 March 2013

Join reformed baijiu skeptic Derek Sandhaus as he discusses his journey of discovery into the heart of Chinese drinking culture, and whether the world is ready to clink glasses with the Middle Kingdom. In the name of research, baijiu may be sampled.

Covering China

19:30, Sunday, 10 March 2013

Covering China, a panel discussion with Jen Lin-Liu, Tom Miller and Derek Sandhaus, three China-based writers whose work and experience covers everything from blogging, journalism and memoir to history and social change, discuss the highs and lows of their writing life and what the future holds for writing on China.

For directions and full festival details, please visit the official Chengdu Bookworm Literary Festival website.

I’ve also got a couple of talks next week in Shanghai, so check back for more info on those next week (or order tickets here and here).

Hope to see you there.

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